The words behind the rulings.

Permissible under Islamic law. Applied to an asset it means the project's business activity, revenue and token mechanics carry no prohibited element — so owning and trading it spot is allowed.

Forbidden. A single confirmed prohibition is enough — an asset whose core business is lending at interest, gambling or derivatives is haram no matter how strong its technology or returns.

Neither clearly permitted nor clearly forbidden. Either the evidence is incomplete, or scholars genuinely differ. The Prophet ﷺ advised leaving what is doubtful for what is clear, so ShariaQuant reports it as its own verdict rather than rounding it up to halal or down to haram.

A formal legal opinion issued by a qualified scholar or council in answer to a specific question. A fatwa is reasoning, not legislation: it can be weighed against other fatwas, and scholars can disagree.

Islamic jurisprudence — the human effort to derive practical rulings from the Qur'an and Sunnah. Because it is interpretive, different schools reach different conclusions on the same new question.

The obligatory annual charge on accumulated wealth, normally 2.5%, due once your net wealth has stayed at or above the nisab for a lunar year. Crypto is treated as zakatable wealth by most contemporary scholars.

The minimum wealth that makes zakat obligatory: 87.48g of gold (20 mithqal) or 612.36g of silver (200 dirham). It is a weight of metal, so its cash value moves with spot prices.

Donating away the share of income that came from an impermissible source, without seeking reward for it. Used where a company is largely compliant but earns a small slice of impure revenue — the holding stays permissible, the tainted portion is given away.

Interest, or any guaranteed increase on a loan of fungible value. The central prohibition in Islamic finance. In crypto it shows up as lending protocols paying fixed yield, interest-bearing stablecoins, and any product promising a return regardless of risk taken.

Riba of delay — the classic form: extra paid for more time on a debt. This is the interest of conventional lending and bonds.

Riba of excess — an unequal hand-to-hand swap of two units of the same ribawi commodity, such as trading gold for a greater weight of gold. Relevant when tokens claim to represent the same underlying asset.

Excessive uncertainty in a contract — where what is being sold, its price, or its delivery is not clearly known. Vague presale allocations, open-ended promises and unspecified vesting are gharar.

Gambling — wealth gained purely by chance, where one side's gain is the other's loss with no productive activity. Prediction markets, lottery mechanics and loot-box tokenomics fall here.

The wagering contract itself — staking something of value on an uncertain outcome to win another's stake. Closely tied to maysir and prohibited on the same grounds.

Trading with borrowed funds. Impermissible in almost every form: the borrowing carries interest, and margin and futures positions sell what you do not possess. ShariaQuant teaches and screens for spot-only, unleveraged ownership.

A gift — property transferred with nothing given in return. This is why a genuine free airdrop is permissible in principle: no capital risked, no loan created. The token received must still pass screening on its own merits.

A reward contract for a defined task — the reward is owed once the work is delivered. Testnet quests, bug reports and completed transactions that earn tokens fall under ju'ālah, which makes them lawful earnings.

A partnership where one party provides capital and the other the labour, sharing profit on agreed ratios while the capital provider bears the financial loss. A permissible alternative to interest-based finance.

A joint venture where all partners contribute capital and share both profit and loss in proportion. Sharing the downside is what distinguishes it from a loan.

The exchange of one currency or monetary asset for another. Classical rules require it to settle hand to hand, without delay — which is a core reason spot crypto trades are treated differently from futures.

Taking possession. You must actually own a thing before selling it. Self-custody and settled spot balances satisfy qabd; derivative exposure to an asset you never hold does not.

A trust — property held on someone's behalf, where the holder is liable only for negligence. Relevant to how custodians, bridges and wrapped-asset issuers are assessed.

Islamic investment certificates. Unlike a bond, a sukuk represents undivided ownership in a real asset or venture and pays a share of its actual returns rather than interest on a loan.

The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions — the Bahrain-based body whose Shariah standards are the most widely adopted benchmark in Islamic finance. Its thresholds underpin the financial ratio tests in our screening.

Legally recognised property — something with lawful value that Shariah permits you to own and trade. The first question asked of any token: is it property at all, or merely a claim on something impermissible?

The test of what a project actually does to earn money. Core revenue from interest, gambling, alcohol, adult content or conventional insurance fails outright, regardless of the financials.

Threshold tests on a company's interest-bearing debt, interest income and liquid assets relative to its market value. Used for equities and tokenized stocks, where some incidental exposure is tolerated up to a limit.

What the token is actually for within its own system — paying fees, securing the network, governing the protocol. A token with no function beyond price speculation is much harder to justify as property with value.

Buying an asset outright with money you already have, taking immediate ownership of it. The only mode of trading ShariaQuant teaches — no borrowing, no margin, no contract for future delivery.

A free distribution of tokens, usually to reward early users or testers. Permissible as hibah or ju'ālah depending on what is asked of you — but haram if qualifying requires lending, depositing at interest, or gambling mechanics.

A token sale held before public listing. The ruling turns on the sale structure: a genuine purchase of a defined asset can be lawful, while guaranteed returns, buyback promises or undefined allocations make it riba or gharar.

Locking tokens to help secure a proof-of-stake network, earning a share of rewards. Assessed case by case: payment for a real service performed at real risk can be lawful, whereas a fixed yield on a deposit resembles riba.

A token pegged to a currency such as the US dollar. The verdict depends on the reserve: coins whose backing is held in interest-bearing instruments, or that pass yield to holders, carry riba exposure — which is why several large stablecoins are not rated halal.

An on-chain token backed one-for-one by a real listed share held in custody. Screened twice: the underlying company against the standard equity tests, and the wrapper itself for genuine backing, redemption rights and absence of embedded leverage.

The institutional method of reading a chart through zones where large orders entered the market, rather than through indicators. It is a timing framework, not a ruling — a haram asset does not become permissible because the chart looks good.